Steel sheet is a flat metal product that is produced from steel ingots or billets. These sheets are widely used in various industries due to their high strength, good ductility and reasonable price. The variety of steel sheets is very large and this diversity is due to the difference in carbon percentage, production process and different alloys used in them .
Types of steel sheets by rolling type
Steel rolling is a process in which a piece of steel is pressed into the desired shape and size by passing it between two or more rotating rollers. This process reduces the thickness or changes the overall shape of the piece. Types of steel sheets are classified into two categories based on the type of rolling, cold and hot .
Hot rolled steel sheet
Hot rolled steel sheet is one of the most widely used types of steel sheets used in various industries. These sheets have unique properties and applications due to their specific production process .
To produce hot rolled sheet , steel ingots are first heated to a very high temperature (about 1100 degrees Celsius). At this temperature, the steel becomes very soft and malleable. These hot ingots are then passed through powerful rollers to gradually reduce their thickness and form into sheets. This process is called hot rolling .
The features of hot rolled sheet are :
- Rough and matte surface : Due to the rapid cooling of the sheet after rolling, its surface becomes rough and matte, which is why it is also called black sheet .
- Various dimensions and thicknesses : Hot rolled sheets can be produced in a wide variety of sizes and thicknesses .
- Reasonable price : Due to the simpler production process than cold-rolled sheets, the price of hot-rolled sheets is usually lower .
- High weldability : Due to their special crystal structure, hot-rolled sheets have excellent weldability .
- High flexibility : At high temperatures, steel has very high ductility, and for this reason, hot-rolled sheets can be easily bent and shaped .
Cold rolled steel sheet
Cold rolled steel sheet It is a type of steel sheet produced through a cold rolling process. In this process, a previously produced hot steel sheet is re-rolled at or near room temperature under the pressure of rollers. This process makes the sheet thinner and improves its physical and mechanical properties .
The main features of cold rolled sheet are :
- Smooth and polished surface : Unlike hot-rolled sheet, which has a rough and matte surface, cold-rolled sheet has a smooth and shiny surface that is often also oily .
- High dimensional accuracy : The cold rolling process allows the dimensions of the sheet to be controlled with very high precision .
- Better mechanical properties : Cold-rolled sheet has higher strength, hardness, and wear resistance than hot-rolled sheet due to deformation at low temperatures .
- Low tolerance : The dimensions of cold rolled sheet are very precise and have small tolerances .
- Better formability : Due to its improved mechanical properties, cold rolled sheet has better formability .
Types of steel sheets in the Iranian market .
Black sheet
Among the types of steel sheets, black sheet is one of the most widely used products. It should be noted that the name black sheet is just a term in the country’s steel market and there is no mention of black color on this sheet, and because this sheet is not shiny and polished, it is called black sheet .
Black metal sheet is produced using the hot rolling method,
Application of various types of black sheets
Black sheet metal is used in many industries due to its high-quality raw materials and the method used to produce it, and has established its position; in general, its use can be mentioned in the production of car bodies, car floor plates, welded pipes, various profiles, tanker construction, shipbuilding, etc.
Alloy sheet
Alloy sheet is another sheet used in various industries. Alloy means “to combine”; when you combine several metals or elements together and produce a product that contains some of several raw materials, you have produced an alloy product. Alloy sheets are the same. Alloy sheets are combined with various elements and are supplied to the steel market in various forms .
Types of alloy sheets
Alloy sheets are generally produced in two categories: cold rolled and hot rolled. In general, these types of steel sheets are available in the market in two categories: roll form and sheet form. Alloy sheets have different types. Brass alloy sheet, bronze alloy sheet, pewter alloy sheet, alloy sheet with expensive elements are among the most important types of this steel sheet.
Applications of alloy sheet
This product has established its place in the industry due to the raw materials used in its production. Some of its applications are as follows :
- Construction of ships or marine equipment
- Aircraft industry
- Petrochemical, oil or gas industries
- Fuel tanks
Galvanized sheet
Since corrosion and rusting of steel sheets have always been a factor of concern, and since the production of stainless and corrosion-resistant steel sheets for industrial use is not economical, galvanized sheets have been produced and manufactured .
There are various methods for coating steel sheets, but galvanizing the sheets is the most economical method possible. Oiled sheet is used to produce galvanized sheet .
One of the advantages of galvanized sheet is its resistance to corrosion in acidic and humid environments. These sheets also do not corrode or become vulnerable to surface scratches (as thick as the zinc) .
Application of galvanized sheet
Galvanized sheet metal is used in the construction of various types of tanks, electrical panels, ceilings and bodies of large halls, as well as various types of kitchen equipment, such as washing machines .
Oiled sheet
Like black sheet, the name oiled sheet has nothing to do with the oily surface of this type of sheet, but rather because of the smooth and shiny surface of this type of sheet, it is called oiled in the market. The process of producing oiled sheets is done by cold rolling, and for this reason this product has a shiny surface. The purpose of producing this type of sheet is to achieve high surface quality and produce sheets with lower thicknesses .
Application of oilcloth
This product has many uses in industry, which is why the price of oiled sheet It is important for many people. This steel section is used in the manufacture of automotive parts, home appliances, office furniture, non-flexible panels, base plate for the production of galvanized sheets, pipe production , etc.
Acid washing sheet
Another type of sheet is acid-washed sheet. After the sheet is produced in the hot rolling process, iron oxide is formed on the surface of the sheet due to the high temperature of the sheet and the continuous spraying of water on its surface for cooling during the rolling process. Now, in order to remove the oxidized scales on the surface of the sheet, an acid-wash process is performed on it .
Application of acid washing sheet
Acid-washed sheet is used as a base for oil sheet production, oil and gas pipe production, shipbuilding industry, and automobile rims and chassis .
Colored sheet
This product is another type of steel sheet. Colored sheet is actually galvanized sheet that is covered with an electrostatic colored coating. Colored steel sheets are produced and marketed in 15 color variations and are usually used in the production of shed roofs, gazebos and gables, the production of household and office appliances, the manufacture of cooling and heating equipment and many other uses .
Application of colored sheets
Colored sheet metal has established its place in the steel sheet market due to its usability in construction industries such as various types of roofs and interior and exterior facades of buildings, metal industries, home appliance manufacturing, and the transportation industry such as car cabins, heavy machinery, etc.
Ribbed sheet
A corrugated sheet is a type of steel sheet that has geometric protrusions on its surface in a specific order. Since steel sheets are usually flat and smooth, it is not possible to move or place other objects on them, and any object will simply slip on them. For this purpose, corrugated sheets are produced with the aim of providing the possibility of movement on steel surfaces .
Ribbed sheets can be made from black sheets and oiled sheets (depending on the place of use).
Application of ribbed sheet
Due to the method used to produce it, corrugated sheet is used on ship deck floors, emergency stairs, pedestrian bridge floors, truck or van floors, industrial machine surfaces, and other uses .
Steel sheet
Steel sheet is a type of steel sheet that has mechanical properties due to the alloy used in it. This type of sheet has different properties such as rustproof, recyclable, and high hardness and strength. There are different elements in steel sheet, the percentage of which is used in this sheet varies .
The most important feature of these sheets, as mentioned, is their anti-rust property. One of the ingredients of steel sheet is chromium, and when it combines with oxygen in the air, a layer of chromium oxide forms on the sheet, which prevents the sheet from rusting. Other positive features of steel sheet include its recyclability, high hardness, and strength .
Application of steel sheet
Due to the elements used and their properties in the production of this product, steel sheet is used to manufacture various household appliances, the food industry, the body of vehicles such as cars, airplanes or trucks, various tankers, and kitchen utensils such as spoons and forks .
Stainless steel sheet
Stainless steel sheet is another type of steel sheet that is based on iron and less than two percent carbon. There are various alloys in this sheet, and the higher the carbon content in the alloys, the greater its strength and hardness .
Stainless steel sheet has different types, but the most important of them are 300 and 400 steel. The applications of the 300 and 400 series of this sheet are different. Being acid-resistant, coated and fireproof are the most important features of this steel sheet. The 400 series of this sheet is usually used in the manufacture of daily appliances, while it is mostly used in the food industry and pharmaceutical products. Beautiful appearance, corrosion resistance, long useful life, and recyclability are the most important features of stainless steel sheet .
Stainless steel applications
Among the applications of stainless steel sheet, we can mention its use in the manufacture of household appliances, ship parts, car bodies, trucks and airplanes, petrochemical industries, etc.
Aluminum sheet
Aluminum sheet, as one of the types of sheet and also the most widely used steel sheet, has strength and light weight. This sheet has different types and can be used in different cases. This type of sheet is produced by the hot rolling process.
Aluminum sheet is available in the 5000 and 6000 series, each of which has its own specific applications. 6000 series aluminum sheet is known as silicon and magnesium, and in general, these two elements are the two main alloying elements in the manufacture of these aluminum sheets. Meanwhile, 5000 series aluminum sheet has greater resistance to saltwater corrosion and is available in various models on the market .
Application of aluminum sheet
The transportation industry, military industries, pharmaceutical industries, manufacturing of various household appliances, fuel storage tanks, etc. are just some of the applications of aluminum sheet .
Anti-wear sheet
The higher the carbon content in the alloy sheet, the greater its strength and anti-wear properties. In the manufacture of anti-wear sheet, the rolling method is used. There are different types of anti-wear sheets. This sheet is used in stone mines and in fields such as conveyor belts, material handling and construction. In general, it can be said that anti-wear sheet is a high-carbon alloy sheet, the presence of which increases its strength and hardness .
In the chemical composition of anti-wear sheet, there are two important elements, carbon and manganese, which lead to the creation of layers of iron carbide. These types of sheets have hardnesses of 400, 450, 500, 550 and 600 and are named accordingly .
This type of sheet has different types and, based on its types, has wide applications in different industries. For example, one type of anti-wear sheet is Weldox sheet, which is most widely used in the automotive industry due to its high strength, durability, and good weldability .
Application of anti-wear sheet
The main uses of this sheet are :
- Can be used in machine building and automotive industry
- Agricultural equipment
- Machine building
- Mining industries
Punched sheet
Punched sheet is a type of sheet that has holes on its outer surface. These sheets are usually punched either manually or with CNC machines ; the point is that punched sheet is produced from ordinary metal sheets and holes are made in the post-rolling stages .
The holes on the surface of this sheet have square, circular, star and diamond shapes; of course, the circular mesh model of the punched sheet is more widely used. This type of sheet has many features, the most important of which are high strength and control of all types of vibration .
Application of punched sheet
The most important uses of punched sheets include the following :
- Construction of various types of false ceilings and partitions
- Manufacturing of all types of industrial and semi-industrial machinery and automobiles
- Making a park bench
- Food industry equipment
Tinplate
Tinplate is known as tinplate and is a type of steel sheet. Tinplate is similar in appearance to galvanized sheet, but galvanized sheet is produced with a zinc coating, while tinplate is produced and marketed with a tin coating. Malleability, weldability, and bending capabilities are among the most important features of tinplate. Apart from these, a smooth and uniform surface, favorable paintability, and prevention of premature corrosion are other features of this sheet .
The applications of tinplate depend on its technical, mechanical and chemical properties. The most prominent feature of tinplate is its resistance to corrosion and iron oxide. Iron and steel have very little resistance to rust, and tin metal compensates for this weakness .
Application of tinplate
- Making cans
- Making all kinds of pots and pans
- Electronic boards and components
- Manufacturing of car parts
Shadowline sheet
Shadowline sheets are basically colored sheets that are used to cover gable roofs. Shadowline sheets have special features, the most important of which are being colored, being corrugated, and also being zinc-plated. This type of sheet is used to better transfer rainwater or snow from the roof to the ground because it is corrugated .
Shadowline sheet is available in various thicknesses and colors. This type has various features. Shadowline sheet is lighter than other steel sheets and is resistant to corrosion and iron oxide. This type of sheet has a lifespan of approximately 20 or 30 years because it is coated with a galvanized process and can be used in many construction projects .
Application of Shadowline Sheet
The following are some of the important applications of Shadowline sheet :
- Partitioning large halls
- Metal chambers
- Shed roof and wall covering
Steel sheet standards
Steel sheets are named and classified based on the production method, raw materials, and various standards followed in their production. These standards are developed to ensure the quality, mechanical properties, and specific applications for each type of steel sheet .
The three main standards that are widely used in the steel industry are :
- German DIN standard : This standard is very common in the Iranian market, and most steel sheets available in the Iranian market are produced and supplied based on this standard .
- American ASTM standard : This standard is recognized globally as one of the most authoritative steel standards and is followed by many steel producers in the world .
- Russian GOST standard : This standard is used in the Commonwealth and some Asian countries .
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